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Immune System · Signaling Pathways · Autoimmune Diseases

Each column = one signaling pathway · Arrows ↓ = signal flow · Click any element for detailed explanation

⬡ Pathways ⚕ Diseases & Biologics 📚 Sources
CELLS CYTOKINES RECEPTORS JAKs STATs TARGET TISSUE THERAPY DISEASES produces ↓ binds to ↓ activates ↓ activates ↓ acts on ↓ blocked by ↓ 🔬 Macrophage TNF-α TNFR1/2 TRAF2→IKK NF-κB FLS / Synovium Anti-TNF-α Infliximab etc. 🌟 cDC IL-12 IL-12Rβ1/β2 JAK2 + TYK2 STAT4 Th1 Diff. Ustekinumab Anti-IL-12/23 IL-23 IL-23R/12Rβ1 JAK2 + TYK2 STAT3/4 Th17 Expansion Anti-IL-23(p19) Risankizumab etc. ✦ pDC IFN-α IFNAR1/2 JAK1 + TYK2 STAT1/2 ISG Expression TYK2i / Anti-IFNAR Deucravacitinib ⚔ Th1 IFN-γ IFN-γR JAK1 + JAK2 STAT1 Macr. Activation JAK1i Upadacitinib 🛡 Th2 IL-4 / IL-13 IL-4Rα / γc JAK1 + JAK3 STAT6 IgE Switch Dupilumab Anti-IL-4Rα 🔥 Th17 IL-17A/F IL-17RA/RC ACT1→NF-κB NF-κB/MAPK Keratinocytes Anti-IL-17A Secukinumab IL-6 IL-6R/gp130 JAK1 + JAK2 STAT3 FLS + Osteoclasts Tocilizumab Anti-IL-6R ⚖ Treg IL-2 IL-2R / γc JAK1 + JAK3 STAT5 T Proliferation Tofacitinib JAK1/3i 💎 B Cell BAFF / APRIL BAFF-R/TACI NF-κB2 / NIK p52 / RelB B Cell Survival Rituximab + Belimumab Anti-CD20+Anti-BAFF ⚡ Neutrophil RANKL RANK TRAF6→NF-κB NFATc1 Osteoclasts Denosumab Anti-RANKL ⚠ Anti-TNF → pDC stays immature → IFN-α↑↑ → Paradoxical Psoriasis TNF-α → pDC maturation (⊣ brakes IFN-α) Keratinocytes → AMPs → pDC (Feedback Loop Psoriasis) Rheumatoid Arthritis Psoriasis (classic + paradox) Atopic Dermatitis Sjögren's Syndrome SLE / Lupus Urticaria Crohn's Ulcerative Colitis Ank. Spondylitis Multiple Sclerosis Type 1 Diabetes Vasculitis Pemphigus GBS / CIDP CLE / SCLE ALS TNF/NF-κB IL-23/IL-17 IFN-α JAK1 JAK2 JAK3 TYK2 B cells = Biologic